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mouse pf4 elisa kit  (Elabscience Biotechnology)


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    Elabscience Biotechnology mouse pf4 elisa kit
    TLR8 agonist activates <t>PF4-CXCR3</t> pathway to shape the TIME. A t-SNE plot showing the distribution of all cells from the control and agonist-treated groups combined ( n = 15,745 cells). B t-SNE plot depicting the distribution of distinct immune cell types. C Dot plot displaying the marker genes used to define each immune cell population. D Density plot showing the distribution of Tlr8-expressing cells across the t-SNE map. E Violin plot illustrating Tlr8 expression levels across different immune cell types. F Circle plot depicting the strength of Pf4–Cxcr3 receptor–ligand interactions between distinct cell types in the control and motolimod-treated groups. G Differential gene expression profiles of neutrophils, macrophages, cDC2, and CD8 + T cells. H Bubble plot comparing changes in specific receptor–ligand interactions between the control and motolimod-treated groups, focusing on macrophage-to-cCD4 + T signaling, cDC2-to-cCD4 + T signaling, and CD8 + T-to-cCD4 + T signaling. I Violin plot showing differential expression of Cxcr3 in cCD4 + T and Tregs, analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. ns, not significant; ** P < 0.01
    Mouse Pf4 Elisa Kit, supplied by Elabscience Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 5 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "TLR8 agonists remodel the tumor immune microenvironment through PF4-dependent T cell recruitment and ancillary mechanisms"

    Article Title: TLR8 agonists remodel the tumor immune microenvironment through PF4-dependent T cell recruitment and ancillary mechanisms

    Journal: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII

    doi: 10.1007/s00262-026-04329-8

    TLR8 agonist activates PF4-CXCR3 pathway to shape the TIME. A t-SNE plot showing the distribution of all cells from the control and agonist-treated groups combined ( n = 15,745 cells). B t-SNE plot depicting the distribution of distinct immune cell types. C Dot plot displaying the marker genes used to define each immune cell population. D Density plot showing the distribution of Tlr8-expressing cells across the t-SNE map. E Violin plot illustrating Tlr8 expression levels across different immune cell types. F Circle plot depicting the strength of Pf4–Cxcr3 receptor–ligand interactions between distinct cell types in the control and motolimod-treated groups. G Differential gene expression profiles of neutrophils, macrophages, cDC2, and CD8 + T cells. H Bubble plot comparing changes in specific receptor–ligand interactions between the control and motolimod-treated groups, focusing on macrophage-to-cCD4 + T signaling, cDC2-to-cCD4 + T signaling, and CD8 + T-to-cCD4 + T signaling. I Violin plot showing differential expression of Cxcr3 in cCD4 + T and Tregs, analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. ns, not significant; ** P < 0.01
    Figure Legend Snippet: TLR8 agonist activates PF4-CXCR3 pathway to shape the TIME. A t-SNE plot showing the distribution of all cells from the control and agonist-treated groups combined ( n = 15,745 cells). B t-SNE plot depicting the distribution of distinct immune cell types. C Dot plot displaying the marker genes used to define each immune cell population. D Density plot showing the distribution of Tlr8-expressing cells across the t-SNE map. E Violin plot illustrating Tlr8 expression levels across different immune cell types. F Circle plot depicting the strength of Pf4–Cxcr3 receptor–ligand interactions between distinct cell types in the control and motolimod-treated groups. G Differential gene expression profiles of neutrophils, macrophages, cDC2, and CD8 + T cells. H Bubble plot comparing changes in specific receptor–ligand interactions between the control and motolimod-treated groups, focusing on macrophage-to-cCD4 + T signaling, cDC2-to-cCD4 + T signaling, and CD8 + T-to-cCD4 + T signaling. I Violin plot showing differential expression of Cxcr3 in cCD4 + T and Tregs, analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. ns, not significant; ** P < 0.01

    Techniques Used: Control, Marker, Expressing, Gene Expression, Quantitative Proteomics

    TLR8 agonist induces PF4 expression through NF-κB signaling pathway. A , B qRT-PCR analysis of Pf4 expression in mouse and human macrophages in the motolimod-treated and control groups ( n = 3). C , D Luminescence assay showing NF-κB pathway activation in mouse and human macrophages following motolimod stimulation ( n = 3). E , F qRT-PCR analysis of Rela expression in Rela -knockdown and control mouse and human macrophages with or without motolimod treatment ( n = 3). G , H Western blotting showing p65 protein levels in RELA -knockdown and control mouse and human macrophages with or without motolimod treatment. I , J qRT-PCR analysis of Pf4 / PF4 expression in Rela / RELA -knockdown and control mouse and human macrophages with or without motolimod treatment ( n = 3). K ELISA quantification of Pf4 levels in the culture supernatant from Rela -knockdown and control mouse macrophages with or without motolimod treatment ( n = 3). Data represent the mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-tests. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001
    Figure Legend Snippet: TLR8 agonist induces PF4 expression through NF-κB signaling pathway. A , B qRT-PCR analysis of Pf4 expression in mouse and human macrophages in the motolimod-treated and control groups ( n = 3). C , D Luminescence assay showing NF-κB pathway activation in mouse and human macrophages following motolimod stimulation ( n = 3). E , F qRT-PCR analysis of Rela expression in Rela -knockdown and control mouse and human macrophages with or without motolimod treatment ( n = 3). G , H Western blotting showing p65 protein levels in RELA -knockdown and control mouse and human macrophages with or without motolimod treatment. I , J qRT-PCR analysis of Pf4 / PF4 expression in Rela / RELA -knockdown and control mouse and human macrophages with or without motolimod treatment ( n = 3). K ELISA quantification of Pf4 levels in the culture supernatant from Rela -knockdown and control mouse macrophages with or without motolimod treatment ( n = 3). Data represent the mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-tests. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control, Luminescence Assay, Activation Assay, Knockdown, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

    PF4 remodels the TIME and suppresses tumor growth. A , B Tumor growth curves and terminal tumor weights in C57BL/6 mice bearing AKR or MC38 tumors with or without Pf4 overexpression, treated with or without motolimod administered every three days ( n = 6). C Percentage of CD45 + cells among live cells in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). D Percentage of cCD4 + T cells within the CD45 + population in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). E Percentage of CD8 + T cells within the CD45 + population in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). F Percentage of Tregs within the CD45 + population in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). G Ratios of cCD4 + T cells to Tregs in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). H Ratios of CD8 + T cells to Tregs in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). I Representative immunofluorescence staining of CD8α (red) and DAPI (blue) in MC38-Vector or MC38-Pf4-OE tumor sections with or without motolimod treatment. Scale bar: 50 μm. J Quantification of CD8α + positive cell ratio (%) relative to total DAPI + nucleated cells per section ( n = 6). Data represent the mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-tests. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001
    Figure Legend Snippet: PF4 remodels the TIME and suppresses tumor growth. A , B Tumor growth curves and terminal tumor weights in C57BL/6 mice bearing AKR or MC38 tumors with or without Pf4 overexpression, treated with or without motolimod administered every three days ( n = 6). C Percentage of CD45 + cells among live cells in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). D Percentage of cCD4 + T cells within the CD45 + population in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). E Percentage of CD8 + T cells within the CD45 + population in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). F Percentage of Tregs within the CD45 + population in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). G Ratios of cCD4 + T cells to Tregs in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). H Ratios of CD8 + T cells to Tregs in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). I Representative immunofluorescence staining of CD8α (red) and DAPI (blue) in MC38-Vector or MC38-Pf4-OE tumor sections with or without motolimod treatment. Scale bar: 50 μm. J Quantification of CD8α + positive cell ratio (%) relative to total DAPI + nucleated cells per section ( n = 6). Data represent the mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-tests. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001

    Techniques Used: Over Expression, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Plasmid Preparation



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    TLR8 agonist activates <t>PF4-CXCR3</t> pathway to shape the TIME. A t-SNE plot showing the distribution of all cells from the control and agonist-treated groups combined ( n = 15,745 cells). B t-SNE plot depicting the distribution of distinct immune cell types. C Dot plot displaying the marker genes used to define each immune cell population. D Density plot showing the distribution of Tlr8-expressing cells across the t-SNE map. E Violin plot illustrating Tlr8 expression levels across different immune cell types. F Circle plot depicting the strength of Pf4–Cxcr3 receptor–ligand interactions between distinct cell types in the control and motolimod-treated groups. G Differential gene expression profiles of neutrophils, macrophages, cDC2, and CD8 + T cells. H Bubble plot comparing changes in specific receptor–ligand interactions between the control and motolimod-treated groups, focusing on macrophage-to-cCD4 + T signaling, cDC2-to-cCD4 + T signaling, and CD8 + T-to-cCD4 + T signaling. I Violin plot showing differential expression of Cxcr3 in cCD4 + T and Tregs, analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. ns, not significant; ** P < 0.01
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    TLR8 agonist activates <t>PF4-CXCR3</t> pathway to shape the TIME. A t-SNE plot showing the distribution of all cells from the control and agonist-treated groups combined ( n = 15,745 cells). B t-SNE plot depicting the distribution of distinct immune cell types. C Dot plot displaying the marker genes used to define each immune cell population. D Density plot showing the distribution of Tlr8-expressing cells across the t-SNE map. E Violin plot illustrating Tlr8 expression levels across different immune cell types. F Circle plot depicting the strength of Pf4–Cxcr3 receptor–ligand interactions between distinct cell types in the control and motolimod-treated groups. G Differential gene expression profiles of neutrophils, macrophages, cDC2, and CD8 + T cells. H Bubble plot comparing changes in specific receptor–ligand interactions between the control and motolimod-treated groups, focusing on macrophage-to-cCD4 + T signaling, cDC2-to-cCD4 + T signaling, and CD8 + T-to-cCD4 + T signaling. I Violin plot showing differential expression of Cxcr3 in cCD4 + T and Tregs, analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. ns, not significant; ** P < 0.01
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    (A) Representative single-plane confocal immunofluorescence images of fixed and permeabilized resting wild-type (WT) and C5aR1-deficient platelets stained for P-selectin (CD62P, green) and <t>CXCL4</t> (red), illustrating altered α-granule organization. (B) Quantification of intracellular α-granule content per platelet, expressed as total area of P-selectin–positive granules and colocalized P-selectin/CXCL4 granules, measured by confocal microscopy. Data are shown as individual platelet values pooled from n = 3 independent experiments. Outliers were identified and removed using the ROUT method (Q = 1%) prior to analysis. (C) Flow cytometric analysis of platelet surface P-selectin expression 24 h after myocardial infarction following ex vivo stimulation of whole blood with 100 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), expressed as geometric mean fluorescence intensity (GMFI) of CD42b⁺ platelets. (D) Flow cytometric analysis of platelet integrin GPIIb/IIIa activation under the same conditions, expressed as percentage of activated GPIIb/IIIa among CD42b⁺ platelets. (E) Plasma CXCL4 concentrations after MI in Pf4^cre+^ C5aR1^fl/fl^ mice and Cre-negative littermate controls. (F) Schematic of the in vitro platelet–neutrophil co-incubation assay. WT or C5aR1-deficient platelets were stimulated with C5a and co-incubated with neutrophils, followed by confocal immunofluorescence staining for myeloperoxidase (MPO), citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit), and DNA (DAPI) to assess NET formation, in the presence or absence of low-dose heparin or recombinant CXCL4 (rCXCL4). (G) Representative immunofluorescence images of neutrophils after co-incubation, stained for MPO (red), H3Cit (green), and DNA (DAPI, blue), illustrating NET formation under the indicated conditions (see Supplementary Figure 13 for neutrophil-intrinsic and platelet-mediated control conditions). (H) Quantification of NET formation expressed as percentage of H3Cit⁺ neutrophils. Data are shown as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated; each dot represents one biological replicate or mouse, as indicated. For α-granule analyses (A–B), data are shown as individual platelet values pooled from n = 3 independent experiments and analyzed using two-tailed unpaired t-tests following ROUT-based outlier exclusion (Q = 1%). Flow cytometry data (C–D) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA across time points and genotypes (see also Supplementary Figures for day 14 analyses). Plasma CXCL4 measurements (E) were analyzed using two-tailed unpaired t-tests. NET formation assays (H) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with appropriate post hoc correction. P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.0001. Scale bars, 2 µm (A) and 20 µm (G).
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    Fig. 1 M4 macrophages are activated and <t>CXCL4</t> is upregulated in BPD. (A) Representative images of H&E staining (arrow represented the pathological structural change in the lung tissues of mice) and IF for F4/80 (a macrophage marker), S100A8, MMP7, and DAPI in lung tissues from NOX (21% O2) and HYX (95% O2) groups (n = 6). (B) Flow cytometric analysis showing the percentage of F4/80+S100A8+MMP7+ cells in NOX and HYX groups (n = 6). (C-D) qRT-PCR analysis and ELISA quantification of CXCL4 expression levels (n = 6). (E) IF staining for F4/80 and CXCL4 in lung tissues (n = 6). (F-G) Western blot analysis of CXCL4, TNF-α, IL-6, MMP7, S100A8, and GAPDH in lung tissues from NOX and HYX groups (n = 6)
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    TLR8 agonist activates PF4-CXCR3 pathway to shape the TIME. A t-SNE plot showing the distribution of all cells from the control and agonist-treated groups combined ( n = 15,745 cells). B t-SNE plot depicting the distribution of distinct immune cell types. C Dot plot displaying the marker genes used to define each immune cell population. D Density plot showing the distribution of Tlr8-expressing cells across the t-SNE map. E Violin plot illustrating Tlr8 expression levels across different immune cell types. F Circle plot depicting the strength of Pf4–Cxcr3 receptor–ligand interactions between distinct cell types in the control and motolimod-treated groups. G Differential gene expression profiles of neutrophils, macrophages, cDC2, and CD8 + T cells. H Bubble plot comparing changes in specific receptor–ligand interactions between the control and motolimod-treated groups, focusing on macrophage-to-cCD4 + T signaling, cDC2-to-cCD4 + T signaling, and CD8 + T-to-cCD4 + T signaling. I Violin plot showing differential expression of Cxcr3 in cCD4 + T and Tregs, analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. ns, not significant; ** P < 0.01

    Journal: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII

    Article Title: TLR8 agonists remodel the tumor immune microenvironment through PF4-dependent T cell recruitment and ancillary mechanisms

    doi: 10.1007/s00262-026-04329-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: TLR8 agonist activates PF4-CXCR3 pathway to shape the TIME. A t-SNE plot showing the distribution of all cells from the control and agonist-treated groups combined ( n = 15,745 cells). B t-SNE plot depicting the distribution of distinct immune cell types. C Dot plot displaying the marker genes used to define each immune cell population. D Density plot showing the distribution of Tlr8-expressing cells across the t-SNE map. E Violin plot illustrating Tlr8 expression levels across different immune cell types. F Circle plot depicting the strength of Pf4–Cxcr3 receptor–ligand interactions between distinct cell types in the control and motolimod-treated groups. G Differential gene expression profiles of neutrophils, macrophages, cDC2, and CD8 + T cells. H Bubble plot comparing changes in specific receptor–ligand interactions between the control and motolimod-treated groups, focusing on macrophage-to-cCD4 + T signaling, cDC2-to-cCD4 + T signaling, and CD8 + T-to-cCD4 + T signaling. I Violin plot showing differential expression of Cxcr3 in cCD4 + T and Tregs, analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. ns, not significant; ** P < 0.01

    Article Snippet: Pf4 levels in culture supernatants were quantified using Mouse PF4 ELISA Kit (Elabscience, #E-EL-M3080) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

    Techniques: Control, Marker, Expressing, Gene Expression, Quantitative Proteomics

    TLR8 agonist induces PF4 expression through NF-κB signaling pathway. A , B qRT-PCR analysis of Pf4 expression in mouse and human macrophages in the motolimod-treated and control groups ( n = 3). C , D Luminescence assay showing NF-κB pathway activation in mouse and human macrophages following motolimod stimulation ( n = 3). E , F qRT-PCR analysis of Rela expression in Rela -knockdown and control mouse and human macrophages with or without motolimod treatment ( n = 3). G , H Western blotting showing p65 protein levels in RELA -knockdown and control mouse and human macrophages with or without motolimod treatment. I , J qRT-PCR analysis of Pf4 / PF4 expression in Rela / RELA -knockdown and control mouse and human macrophages with or without motolimod treatment ( n = 3). K ELISA quantification of Pf4 levels in the culture supernatant from Rela -knockdown and control mouse macrophages with or without motolimod treatment ( n = 3). Data represent the mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-tests. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001

    Journal: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII

    Article Title: TLR8 agonists remodel the tumor immune microenvironment through PF4-dependent T cell recruitment and ancillary mechanisms

    doi: 10.1007/s00262-026-04329-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: TLR8 agonist induces PF4 expression through NF-κB signaling pathway. A , B qRT-PCR analysis of Pf4 expression in mouse and human macrophages in the motolimod-treated and control groups ( n = 3). C , D Luminescence assay showing NF-κB pathway activation in mouse and human macrophages following motolimod stimulation ( n = 3). E , F qRT-PCR analysis of Rela expression in Rela -knockdown and control mouse and human macrophages with or without motolimod treatment ( n = 3). G , H Western blotting showing p65 protein levels in RELA -knockdown and control mouse and human macrophages with or without motolimod treatment. I , J qRT-PCR analysis of Pf4 / PF4 expression in Rela / RELA -knockdown and control mouse and human macrophages with or without motolimod treatment ( n = 3). K ELISA quantification of Pf4 levels in the culture supernatant from Rela -knockdown and control mouse macrophages with or without motolimod treatment ( n = 3). Data represent the mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-tests. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001

    Article Snippet: Pf4 levels in culture supernatants were quantified using Mouse PF4 ELISA Kit (Elabscience, #E-EL-M3080) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

    Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control, Luminescence Assay, Activation Assay, Knockdown, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

    PF4 remodels the TIME and suppresses tumor growth. A , B Tumor growth curves and terminal tumor weights in C57BL/6 mice bearing AKR or MC38 tumors with or without Pf4 overexpression, treated with or without motolimod administered every three days ( n = 6). C Percentage of CD45 + cells among live cells in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). D Percentage of cCD4 + T cells within the CD45 + population in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). E Percentage of CD8 + T cells within the CD45 + population in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). F Percentage of Tregs within the CD45 + population in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). G Ratios of cCD4 + T cells to Tregs in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). H Ratios of CD8 + T cells to Tregs in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). I Representative immunofluorescence staining of CD8α (red) and DAPI (blue) in MC38-Vector or MC38-Pf4-OE tumor sections with or without motolimod treatment. Scale bar: 50 μm. J Quantification of CD8α + positive cell ratio (%) relative to total DAPI + nucleated cells per section ( n = 6). Data represent the mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-tests. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001

    Journal: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII

    Article Title: TLR8 agonists remodel the tumor immune microenvironment through PF4-dependent T cell recruitment and ancillary mechanisms

    doi: 10.1007/s00262-026-04329-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: PF4 remodels the TIME and suppresses tumor growth. A , B Tumor growth curves and terminal tumor weights in C57BL/6 mice bearing AKR or MC38 tumors with or without Pf4 overexpression, treated with or without motolimod administered every three days ( n = 6). C Percentage of CD45 + cells among live cells in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). D Percentage of cCD4 + T cells within the CD45 + population in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). E Percentage of CD8 + T cells within the CD45 + population in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). F Percentage of Tregs within the CD45 + population in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). G Ratios of cCD4 + T cells to Tregs in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). H Ratios of CD8 + T cells to Tregs in AKR and MC38 tumor models ( n = 6). I Representative immunofluorescence staining of CD8α (red) and DAPI (blue) in MC38-Vector or MC38-Pf4-OE tumor sections with or without motolimod treatment. Scale bar: 50 μm. J Quantification of CD8α + positive cell ratio (%) relative to total DAPI + nucleated cells per section ( n = 6). Data represent the mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-tests. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001

    Article Snippet: Pf4 levels in culture supernatants were quantified using Mouse PF4 ELISA Kit (Elabscience, #E-EL-M3080) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

    Techniques: Over Expression, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Plasmid Preparation

    (A) Representative single-plane confocal immunofluorescence images of fixed and permeabilized resting wild-type (WT) and C5aR1-deficient platelets stained for P-selectin (CD62P, green) and CXCL4 (red), illustrating altered α-granule organization. (B) Quantification of intracellular α-granule content per platelet, expressed as total area of P-selectin–positive granules and colocalized P-selectin/CXCL4 granules, measured by confocal microscopy. Data are shown as individual platelet values pooled from n = 3 independent experiments. Outliers were identified and removed using the ROUT method (Q = 1%) prior to analysis. (C) Flow cytometric analysis of platelet surface P-selectin expression 24 h after myocardial infarction following ex vivo stimulation of whole blood with 100 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), expressed as geometric mean fluorescence intensity (GMFI) of CD42b⁺ platelets. (D) Flow cytometric analysis of platelet integrin GPIIb/IIIa activation under the same conditions, expressed as percentage of activated GPIIb/IIIa among CD42b⁺ platelets. (E) Plasma CXCL4 concentrations after MI in Pf4^cre+^ C5aR1^fl/fl^ mice and Cre-negative littermate controls. (F) Schematic of the in vitro platelet–neutrophil co-incubation assay. WT or C5aR1-deficient platelets were stimulated with C5a and co-incubated with neutrophils, followed by confocal immunofluorescence staining for myeloperoxidase (MPO), citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit), and DNA (DAPI) to assess NET formation, in the presence or absence of low-dose heparin or recombinant CXCL4 (rCXCL4). (G) Representative immunofluorescence images of neutrophils after co-incubation, stained for MPO (red), H3Cit (green), and DNA (DAPI, blue), illustrating NET formation under the indicated conditions (see Supplementary Figure 13 for neutrophil-intrinsic and platelet-mediated control conditions). (H) Quantification of NET formation expressed as percentage of H3Cit⁺ neutrophils. Data are shown as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated; each dot represents one biological replicate or mouse, as indicated. For α-granule analyses (A–B), data are shown as individual platelet values pooled from n = 3 independent experiments and analyzed using two-tailed unpaired t-tests following ROUT-based outlier exclusion (Q = 1%). Flow cytometry data (C–D) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA across time points and genotypes (see also Supplementary Figures for day 14 analyses). Plasma CXCL4 measurements (E) were analyzed using two-tailed unpaired t-tests. NET formation assays (H) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with appropriate post hoc correction. P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.0001. Scale bars, 2 µm (A) and 20 µm (G).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Platelet C5aR1 Aggravates Myocardial Infarction through Platelet–Neutrophil Interactions and CXCL4-Dependent NET Release

    doi: 10.64898/2026.01.12.699090

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative single-plane confocal immunofluorescence images of fixed and permeabilized resting wild-type (WT) and C5aR1-deficient platelets stained for P-selectin (CD62P, green) and CXCL4 (red), illustrating altered α-granule organization. (B) Quantification of intracellular α-granule content per platelet, expressed as total area of P-selectin–positive granules and colocalized P-selectin/CXCL4 granules, measured by confocal microscopy. Data are shown as individual platelet values pooled from n = 3 independent experiments. Outliers were identified and removed using the ROUT method (Q = 1%) prior to analysis. (C) Flow cytometric analysis of platelet surface P-selectin expression 24 h after myocardial infarction following ex vivo stimulation of whole blood with 100 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), expressed as geometric mean fluorescence intensity (GMFI) of CD42b⁺ platelets. (D) Flow cytometric analysis of platelet integrin GPIIb/IIIa activation under the same conditions, expressed as percentage of activated GPIIb/IIIa among CD42b⁺ platelets. (E) Plasma CXCL4 concentrations after MI in Pf4^cre+^ C5aR1^fl/fl^ mice and Cre-negative littermate controls. (F) Schematic of the in vitro platelet–neutrophil co-incubation assay. WT or C5aR1-deficient platelets were stimulated with C5a and co-incubated with neutrophils, followed by confocal immunofluorescence staining for myeloperoxidase (MPO), citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit), and DNA (DAPI) to assess NET formation, in the presence or absence of low-dose heparin or recombinant CXCL4 (rCXCL4). (G) Representative immunofluorescence images of neutrophils after co-incubation, stained for MPO (red), H3Cit (green), and DNA (DAPI, blue), illustrating NET formation under the indicated conditions (see Supplementary Figure 13 for neutrophil-intrinsic and platelet-mediated control conditions). (H) Quantification of NET formation expressed as percentage of H3Cit⁺ neutrophils. Data are shown as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated; each dot represents one biological replicate or mouse, as indicated. For α-granule analyses (A–B), data are shown as individual platelet values pooled from n = 3 independent experiments and analyzed using two-tailed unpaired t-tests following ROUT-based outlier exclusion (Q = 1%). Flow cytometry data (C–D) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA across time points and genotypes (see also Supplementary Figures for day 14 analyses). Plasma CXCL4 measurements (E) were analyzed using two-tailed unpaired t-tests. NET formation assays (H) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with appropriate post hoc correction. P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.0001. Scale bars, 2 µm (A) and 20 µm (G).

    Article Snippet: CXCL4 concentrations were measured in plasma samples using a mouse CXCL4 (platelet factor 4) Quantikine ELISA kit (R&D Systems, MCX400) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Confocal Microscopy, Expressing, Ex Vivo, Fluorescence, Activation Assay, Clinical Proteomics, In Vitro, Incubation, Recombinant, Control, Two Tailed Test, Flow Cytometry

    Fig. 1 M4 macrophages are activated and CXCL4 is upregulated in BPD. (A) Representative images of H&E staining (arrow represented the pathological structural change in the lung tissues of mice) and IF for F4/80 (a macrophage marker), S100A8, MMP7, and DAPI in lung tissues from NOX (21% O2) and HYX (95% O2) groups (n = 6). (B) Flow cytometric analysis showing the percentage of F4/80+S100A8+MMP7+ cells in NOX and HYX groups (n = 6). (C-D) qRT-PCR analysis and ELISA quantification of CXCL4 expression levels (n = 6). (E) IF staining for F4/80 and CXCL4 in lung tissues (n = 6). (F-G) Western blot analysis of CXCL4, TNF-α, IL-6, MMP7, S100A8, and GAPDH in lung tissues from NOX and HYX groups (n = 6)

    Journal: Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)

    Article Title: CXCL4 deficiency limits M4 macrophage infiltration and attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury.

    doi: 10.1186/s10020-024-01043-y

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1 M4 macrophages are activated and CXCL4 is upregulated in BPD. (A) Representative images of H&E staining (arrow represented the pathological structural change in the lung tissues of mice) and IF for F4/80 (a macrophage marker), S100A8, MMP7, and DAPI in lung tissues from NOX (21% O2) and HYX (95% O2) groups (n = 6). (B) Flow cytometric analysis showing the percentage of F4/80+S100A8+MMP7+ cells in NOX and HYX groups (n = 6). (C-D) qRT-PCR analysis and ELISA quantification of CXCL4 expression levels (n = 6). (E) IF staining for F4/80 and CXCL4 in lung tissues (n = 6). (F-G) Western blot analysis of CXCL4, TNF-α, IL-6, MMP7, S100A8, and GAPDH in lung tissues from NOX and HYX groups (n = 6)

    Article Snippet: CXCL4 concentrations were quantified with a mouse CXCL4/PF-4 ELISA kit (MCX400, R&D Systems, USA).

    Techniques: Staining, Marker, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Western Blot

    Fig. 2 Loss of CXCL 4 alleviates hyperoxia-induced alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AT2) injury and suppresses S1P metabolism. (A) H&E staining of lung tissues from WT and CXCL4 KO mice exposed to NOX (21% O2) and HYX (95% O2) conditions for 7 days (n = 6). (B) Quantification of the average surface area of a single alveolus (µm²) (n = 6). (C) Radial Alveolar Count (RAC) analysis (n = 6). (D) Representative images of TUNEL staining (green), SFTPC (red), and DAPI (blue) in lung sections, indicating apoptosis and AT2 cell distribution (n = 6). (E) Quantification of TUNEL-positive cells (n = 6). (F) Quantification of SFTPC + cells per field of view (n = 6). (G-H) Western blot analysis of SPHK1, SPHK2, SPT2, and S1PL, genes associated with sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism (n = 6)

    Journal: Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)

    Article Title: CXCL4 deficiency limits M4 macrophage infiltration and attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury.

    doi: 10.1186/s10020-024-01043-y

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2 Loss of CXCL 4 alleviates hyperoxia-induced alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AT2) injury and suppresses S1P metabolism. (A) H&E staining of lung tissues from WT and CXCL4 KO mice exposed to NOX (21% O2) and HYX (95% O2) conditions for 7 days (n = 6). (B) Quantification of the average surface area of a single alveolus (µm²) (n = 6). (C) Radial Alveolar Count (RAC) analysis (n = 6). (D) Representative images of TUNEL staining (green), SFTPC (red), and DAPI (blue) in lung sections, indicating apoptosis and AT2 cell distribution (n = 6). (E) Quantification of TUNEL-positive cells (n = 6). (F) Quantification of SFTPC + cells per field of view (n = 6). (G-H) Western blot analysis of SPHK1, SPHK2, SPT2, and S1PL, genes associated with sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism (n = 6)

    Article Snippet: CXCL4 concentrations were quantified with a mouse CXCL4/PF-4 ELISA kit (MCX400, R&D Systems, USA).

    Techniques: Staining, TUNEL Assay, Western Blot

    Fig. 3 Deletion of CXCL4 weakens fibrotic lung remodeling. (A) Representative images of lung tissue sections from WT and CXCL4 KO mice under NOX (21% O2) and HYX (95% O2) conditions (n = 6). (B) Measurement of septal thickness (µm) in the NOX_WT, NOX_CXCL4 KO, HYX_WT, and HYX_CXCL4 KO groups (n = 6). (C) Analysis of elastic fibers relative to lung tissue (n = 6). (D) Sirius Red staining showing changes in collagen content (n = 6). (E) Quan tification of collagen amount relative to lung tissue (n = 6). (F) Western blot analysis of phosphorylated SMAD2 (n = 6). (G) Relative expression levels of p-SMAD2/SMAD2 protein ratio (n = 6)

    Journal: Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)

    Article Title: CXCL4 deficiency limits M4 macrophage infiltration and attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury.

    doi: 10.1186/s10020-024-01043-y

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3 Deletion of CXCL4 weakens fibrotic lung remodeling. (A) Representative images of lung tissue sections from WT and CXCL4 KO mice under NOX (21% O2) and HYX (95% O2) conditions (n = 6). (B) Measurement of septal thickness (µm) in the NOX_WT, NOX_CXCL4 KO, HYX_WT, and HYX_CXCL4 KO groups (n = 6). (C) Analysis of elastic fibers relative to lung tissue (n = 6). (D) Sirius Red staining showing changes in collagen content (n = 6). (E) Quan tification of collagen amount relative to lung tissue (n = 6). (F) Western blot analysis of phosphorylated SMAD2 (n = 6). (G) Relative expression levels of p-SMAD2/SMAD2 protein ratio (n = 6)

    Article Snippet: CXCL4 concentrations were quantified with a mouse CXCL4/PF-4 ELISA kit (MCX400, R&D Systems, USA).

    Techniques: Staining, Western Blot, Expressing

    Fig. 4 Deletion of CXCL4 prevents the progression of M4 macrophages in the lung. (A) IF staining for F4/80, S100A8, and DAPI in lung tissues from WT and CXCL4 KO mice under NOX (21% O2) and HYX (95% O2) conditions (n = 6). (B) IF staining for F4/80, MMP7, and DAPI (n = 6). (C) Flow cytometry analysis quantifying F4/80 + S100A8 + MMP7 + cells (%) (n = 6). (D-E) Western blot analysis of CXCL4, TNF-α, IL-6, MMP7, S100A8, and GAPDH (n = 6)

    Journal: Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)

    Article Title: CXCL4 deficiency limits M4 macrophage infiltration and attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury.

    doi: 10.1186/s10020-024-01043-y

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4 Deletion of CXCL4 prevents the progression of M4 macrophages in the lung. (A) IF staining for F4/80, S100A8, and DAPI in lung tissues from WT and CXCL4 KO mice under NOX (21% O2) and HYX (95% O2) conditions (n = 6). (B) IF staining for F4/80, MMP7, and DAPI (n = 6). (C) Flow cytometry analysis quantifying F4/80 + S100A8 + MMP7 + cells (%) (n = 6). (D-E) Western blot analysis of CXCL4, TNF-α, IL-6, MMP7, S100A8, and GAPDH (n = 6)

    Article Snippet: CXCL4 concentrations were quantified with a mouse CXCL4/PF-4 ELISA kit (MCX400, R&D Systems, USA).

    Techniques: Staining, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot

    Fig. 5 CXCL4 induces M4 macrophages in vitro and drives macrophage migration via CCR 1. (A-B) Expression levels of S100A8 and MMP7 in macro phages treated with M-CSF (M0) and CXCL4 (M4) (n = 3). (C-D) Dose-dependent expression of MMP7 and S100A8 in response to varying concentrations of CXCL4 (4, 2, 1, 0.5 µM) (n = 3). (E) IF staining of S100A8 and DAPI (n = 3). (F) IF staining of MMP7 and DAPI (n = 3). (G-H) ELISA results for MMP7 and S100A8 (n = 3). (I-J) Macrophage migration assay comparing control, CXCL4, CCR1 inhibitor (CCR1 Inhi), and CXCL4 + CCR1 Inhi groups. Arrows represented the type of migrated cells (n = 3)

    Journal: Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)

    Article Title: CXCL4 deficiency limits M4 macrophage infiltration and attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury.

    doi: 10.1186/s10020-024-01043-y

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5 CXCL4 induces M4 macrophages in vitro and drives macrophage migration via CCR 1. (A-B) Expression levels of S100A8 and MMP7 in macro phages treated with M-CSF (M0) and CXCL4 (M4) (n = 3). (C-D) Dose-dependent expression of MMP7 and S100A8 in response to varying concentrations of CXCL4 (4, 2, 1, 0.5 µM) (n = 3). (E) IF staining of S100A8 and DAPI (n = 3). (F) IF staining of MMP7 and DAPI (n = 3). (G-H) ELISA results for MMP7 and S100A8 (n = 3). (I-J) Macrophage migration assay comparing control, CXCL4, CCR1 inhibitor (CCR1 Inhi), and CXCL4 + CCR1 Inhi groups. Arrows represented the type of migrated cells (n = 3)

    Article Snippet: CXCL4 concentrations were quantified with a mouse CXCL4/PF-4 ELISA kit (MCX400, R&D Systems, USA).

    Techniques: In Vitro, Migration, Expressing, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

    Fig. 6 CXCL4 deficiency promotes lung matrix remodeling during regeneration. (A) H&E staining of lung tissues from WT and CXCL4 KO mice exposed to HYX followed by a recovery period under NOX conditions (n = 6). (B) Measurement of the average surface area of a single alveolus (µm²) (n = 6). (C) Radial Alveolar Count (RAC) analysis (n = 6). (D) Measurement of septal thickness (µm) (n = 6). (E-F) Quantification of collagen amount relative to lung tissue (n = 6)

    Journal: Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)

    Article Title: CXCL4 deficiency limits M4 macrophage infiltration and attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury.

    doi: 10.1186/s10020-024-01043-y

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6 CXCL4 deficiency promotes lung matrix remodeling during regeneration. (A) H&E staining of lung tissues from WT and CXCL4 KO mice exposed to HYX followed by a recovery period under NOX conditions (n = 6). (B) Measurement of the average surface area of a single alveolus (µm²) (n = 6). (C) Radial Alveolar Count (RAC) analysis (n = 6). (D) Measurement of septal thickness (µm) (n = 6). (E-F) Quantification of collagen amount relative to lung tissue (n = 6)

    Article Snippet: CXCL4 concentrations were quantified with a mouse CXCL4/PF-4 ELISA kit (MCX400, R&D Systems, USA).

    Techniques: Staining